Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la magalimoto amagetsi, mabatire a lithiamu-ion adzakhala ndi zotsatirapo pa chilengedwe panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito. Kuti pakhale kusanthula kwathunthu kwa zotsatira pa chilengedwe, mapaketi a mabatire a lithiamu-ion, okhala ndi zipangizo 11 zosiyanasiyana, adasankhidwa kukhala cholinga chophunzirira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira moyo ndi njira yolemetsa ya entropy kuti muyesere kuchuluka kwa katundu wa chilengedwe, dongosolo lowunikira index la magawo ambiri kutengera mawonekedwe a batire yachilengedwe limapangidwa.
Kukula mwachangu kwa makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe1 kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Nthawi yomweyo, kumawononganso mafuta ambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe. Malinga ndi IEA (2019), pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mpweya wa CO2 padziko lonse lapansi umachokera ku gawo la mayendedwe. Pofuna kuchepetsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ndi katundu wowononga chilengedwe wa makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe padziko lonse lapansi, kuyika magetsi m'makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera mpweya woipa. Chifukwa chake, kupanga magalimoto abwino komanso okhazikika, makamaka magalimoto amagetsi (EVs), kwakhala njira yabwino kwambiri kwa makampani oyendetsa magalimoto.
Kuyambira pa Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 12 (2010-2015), boma la China laganiza zolimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi kuti maulendo akhale oyera. Komabe, vuto lalikulu la zachuma lapangitsa mayiko kukumana ndi mavuto monga vuto la mphamvu, kukwera kwa mitengo yamafuta, kusowa ntchito kwakukulu, kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zakhudza malingaliro a anthu, kuthekera kwa ogula ndi kupanga zisankho za boma. Chifukwa chake, kuvomereza ndi kuvomereza kochepa magalimoto amagetsi kumalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi msanga pamsika.
M'malo mwake, kugulitsa magalimoto oyendera mafuta kunapitirira kuchepa, ndipo kukula kwa chiwerengero cha eni ake kunachepa. Mwanjira ina, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ndi kudzutsidwa kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, kugulitsa magalimoto amafuta wamba kwasintha mosiyana ndi kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi kukuchulukirachulukira. Pakadali pano, mabatire a lithiamu-ion (LIB) ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri pankhani ya magalimoto amagetsi chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kopepuka, magwiridwe antchito abwino, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zambiri komanso kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire a lithiamu-ion, monga ukadaulo waukulu wamachitidwe osungira mabatire, alinso ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pankhani yakukula kwa mphamvu zokhazikika komanso kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa mpweya woipa wa kaboni.
Mu ndondomeko yotsatsira, magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zina amaonedwa ngati magalimoto opanda mpweya, koma kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire awo kumakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wayang'ana kwambiri ubwino wa magalimoto amagetsi pa chilengedwe. Pali kafukufuku wambiri pa magawo atatu opanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutaya magalimoto amagetsi, watenga mabatire atatu a lithiamu nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) ndi lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi aku China ngati phunziro ndipo wachita kusanthula kwapadera kwa mabatire atatuwa kutengera kuwunika kwa moyo (LCA) kwa magawo opanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kubwezeretsanso mabatire. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti batire ya lithiamu iron phosphate ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pachilengedwe kuposa batire ya katatu pazinthu zonse, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera mu gawo logwiritsa ntchito sikwabwino ngati batire ya katatu, ndipo ili ndi phindu lobwezeretsanso.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-10-2023
