Pa Julayi 26, Boma la Germany linagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano ya National Hydrogen Energy Strategy, poyembekezera kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha chuma cha hydrogen ku Germany kuti chithandizire kukwaniritsa cholinga chake cha 2045 chosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Germany ikufuna kukulitsa kudalira kwake pa haidrojeni ngati gwero lamphamvu mtsogolo kuti ichepetse mpweya woipa wochokera m'mafakitale omwe akuipitsa kwambiri monga chitsulo ndi mankhwala, komanso kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta ochokera kunja. Zaka zitatu zapitazo, mu June 2020, Germany idatulutsa njira yake yadziko lonse ya mphamvu ya haidrojeni koyamba.
Cholinga chobiriwira cha haidrojeni chawirikiza kawiri
Mtundu watsopano wa ndondomekoyi ndi kusintha kwina kwa njira yoyambirira, makamaka kuphatikiza chitukuko chofulumira cha chuma cha haidrojeni, magawo onse adzakhala ndi mwayi wofanana pamsika wa haidrojeni, haidrojeni yonse yogwirizana ndi nyengo imaganiziridwa, kufalikira kwachangu kwa zomangamanga za haidrojeni, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kupititsa patsogolo kwina, ndi zina zotero, kuti pakhale njira yogwirira ntchito popanga mphamvu za haidrojeni, mayendedwe, ntchito ndi misika.
Hydrogeni wobiriwira, wopangidwa kudzera mu mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso monga dzuwa ndi mphepo, ndiye maziko a mapulani a Germany oti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakale mtsogolo. Poyerekeza ndi cholinga chomwe chinaperekedwa zaka zitatu zapitazo, boma la Germany lachulukitsa kawiri cholinga cha mphamvu yopangira hydrogen wobiriwira mu njira yatsopanoyi. Ndondomekoyi ikunena kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, mphamvu yopangira hydrogen wobiriwira ku Germany idzafika pa 10GW ndikupanga dzikolo kukhala "malo opangira magetsi a hydrogen".
Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedweratu, pofika chaka cha 2030, kufunikira kwa haidrojeni ku Germany kudzafika pa 130 TWh. Kufunika kumeneku kungakhale mpaka 600 TWh pofika chaka cha 2045 ngati Germany ikufuna kuti isasinthe momwe zinthu zilili pa nyengo.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale cholinga cha mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi m'nyumba chikawonjezeka kufika pa 10GW pofika chaka cha 2030, 50% mpaka 70% ya kufunikira kwa haidrojeni ku Germany kudzakwaniritsidwabe kudzera muzinthu zochokera kunja, ndipo chiwerengerochi chidzapitirira kukwera m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Chifukwa cha zimenezi, boma la Germany lati likugwira ntchito pa njira ina yolowera hydrogen. Kuphatikiza apo, likukonzekera kumanga netiweki ya mapaipi a mphamvu ya hydrogen okwana makilomita 1,800 ku Germany kuyambira 2027 mpaka 2028 kudzera mu zomangamanga zatsopano kapena kukonzanso.
"Kuyika ndalama mu haidrojeni ndikuyika ndalama m'tsogolo mwathu, kuteteza nyengo, ntchito zaukadaulo komanso chitetezo cha magetsi," adatero Wachiwiri kwa Chancellor wa ku Germany komanso Nduna ya Zachuma Habeck.
Pitirizani kuthandizira hydrogen yabuluu
Pansi pa njira yatsopanoyi, boma la Germany likufuna kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha msika wa haidrojeni ndi "kukweza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa unyolo wonse wamtengo wapatali". Pakadali pano, ndalama zothandizira boma zakhala zochepa pa haidrojeni yobiriwira, ndipo cholinga chake chikupitirirabe "kukwaniritsa kupezeka kodalirika kwa haidrojeni yobiriwira komanso yokhazikika ku Germany".
Kuwonjezera pa njira zofulumizitsa chitukuko cha msika m'magawo angapo (kuonetsetsa kuti hydrogen ikupezeka mokwanira pofika chaka cha 2030, kumanga zomangamanga zolimba za hydrogen ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kupanga mikhalidwe yogwira ntchito), zisankho zatsopano zokhudzana ndi izi zikukhudzanso kuthandizira kwa boma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hydrogen.
Ngakhale kuti thandizo la ndalama mwachindunji la mphamvu ya haidrojeni lomwe laperekedwa mu njira yatsopanoyi limangoperekedwa pakupanga haidrojeni wobiriwira, kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni yopangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale (otchedwa blue hydrogen), omwe mpweya wake wa carbon dioxide umatengedwa ndikusungidwa, kungalandirenso thandizo la boma.
Monga momwe njira ikunenera, haidrojeni yamitundu ina iyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka patakhala haidrojeni yobiriwira yokwanira. Pankhani ya mkangano wa Russia ndi Ukraine komanso vuto la mphamvu, cholinga cha chitetezo cha magetsi chakhala chofunikira kwambiri.
Hydrogen yopangidwa kuchokera ku magetsi ongowonjezwdwa ikuonedwa ngati mankhwala othandiza m'magawo monga mafakitale akuluakulu ndi ndege zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri polimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Ikuonedwanso ngati njira yolimbikitsira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale a hydrogen ngati njira yothandiza panthawi yomwe magetsi sangowonjezwdwanso.
Kuwonjezera pa mkangano wokhudza ngati kuthandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupanga haidrojeni, gawo la kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya haidrojeni lakhalanso nkhani yaikulu. Ndondomeko yatsopano ya haidrojeni imati kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni m'malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsidwa ntchito sikuyenera kuletsedwa.
Komabe, ndalama za dziko lonse ziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri madera omwe kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni "kumafunika kwambiri kapena palibe njira ina". Ndondomeko ya mphamvu ya haidrojeni ya dziko la Germany imaganizira kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni yobiriwira kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndi kulumikizana kwa magawo ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale, koma boma la Germany likuthandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni m'gawo la zoyendera mtsogolo. Haidrojeni yobiriwira ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu m'mafakitale, m'magawo ena ovuta kuchotsa mpweya monga ndege ndi zoyendera zapamadzi, komanso ngati chakudya chamankhwala.
Ndondomekoyi ikunena kuti kukonza mphamvu moyenera komanso kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse zolinga za Germany pankhani ya nyengo. Idanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ongowonjezwdwa mwachindunji ndikoyenera nthawi zambiri, monga m'magalimoto amagetsi kapena ma heat pump, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutayika kwa magetsi poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen.
Pa mayendedwe apamsewu, haidrojeni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magalimoto akuluakulu ogulitsa, pomwe pakutenthetsa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito "m'malo ochepa," boma la Germany linatero.
Kusintha kwa njira kumeneku kukuwonetsa kutsimikiza mtima kwa Germany komanso cholinga chake chopanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni. Ndondomekoyi ikunena momveka bwino kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, Germany idzakhala "wopereka ukadaulo waukulu wa haidrojeni" ndikukhazikitsa njira yopangira makampani opanga mphamvu ya haidrojeni pamlingo wa ku Europe ndi padziko lonse lapansi, monga njira zopezera zilolezo, miyezo yogwirizana ndi machitidwe a ziphaso, ndi zina zotero.
Akatswiri a mphamvu ku Germany anati mphamvu ya haidrojeni ikadali gawo losowa pakusintha kwa mphamvu komwe kukuchitika. Sitinganyalanyazidwe kuti imapereka mwayi wophatikiza chitetezo cha mphamvu, kusalowerera ndale komanso mpikisano wowonjezereka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-08-2023
