Kodi msika wa PV ku Nigeria uli ndi kuthekera kotani?
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti Nigeria pakadali pano imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya 4GW yokha yokhazikika kuchokera ku malo opangira magetsi opangira mafuta ndi malo opangira magetsi amadzi. Akuti kuti dzikolo lipereke mphamvu zokwanira anthu 200 miliyoni, liyenera kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya 30GW yopangira magetsi.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, mphamvu yokhazikika ya makina opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi olumikizidwa ku gridi ku Nigeria idzakhala 33MW yokha. Ngakhale kuwala kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi mdziko muno kuyambira 1.5MWh/m² mpaka 2.2MWh/m², nchifukwa chiyani Nigeria ili ndi zinthu zambiri zopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi koma ikadali yovutitsidwa ndi umphawi wa mphamvu? International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ikuyerekeza kuti pofika chaka cha 2050, malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi ...
Pakadali pano, 70% ya magetsi aku Nigeria amaperekedwa ndi mafakitale opangira mafuta, ndipo ambiri otsalawo amachokera ku malo opangira magetsi amadzi. Makampani asanu akuluakulu opanga magetsi ndi omwe akulamulira dzikolo, ndipo Nigeria Transmission Company, kampani yokhayo yotumiza magetsi, ndi yomwe imayang'anira chitukuko, kukonza ndi kukulitsa netiweki yotumizira magetsi mdzikolo.
Kampani yogawa magetsi mdziko muno yagulitsidwa kwathunthu, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi majenereta amagulitsidwa ku Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), yomwe ndi kampani yokhayo yogulitsa magetsi ambiri mdziko muno. Makampani ogawa magetsi amagula magetsi kuchokera ku majenereta posaina mapangano ogulira magetsi (PPAs) ndikugulitsa kwa ogula popereka mapangano. Kapangidwe kameneka kamatsimikizira kuti makampani opanga magetsi amalandira mtengo wotsimikizika wamagetsi mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zingachitike. Koma pali mavuto ena akuluakulu ndi izi omwe akhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma photovoltaics ngati gawo la kuphatikiza mphamvu ku Nigeria.
nkhawa za phindu
Nigeria idakambirana koyamba za malo opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi gridi cha m'ma 2005, pomwe dzikolo lidayambitsa pulogalamu ya "Vision 30:30:30". Cholinga cha dongosololi ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chokhazikitsa malo opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi 32GW pofika chaka cha 2030, omwe 9GW mwa iwo adzachokera ku malo opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kuphatikiza 5GW ya makina opangira mphamvu zamagetsi.
Pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 10, opanga magetsi odziyimira pawokha 14 a photovoltaic potsiriza asayina mapangano ogulira magetsi ndi Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET). Boma la Nigeria lakhazikitsa feed-in tariff (FIT) kuti ma photovoltaic akope anthu ambiri. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, palibe mapulojekiti oyamba a PV omwe adathandizidwa chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kwa mfundo komanso kusowa kwa zomangamanga za gridi.
Nkhani yaikulu ndi yakuti boma lasintha mitengo yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale kuti lichepetse mitengo yolowera m'malo osungiramo katundu, ponena kuti kutsika kwa ndalama zoyendera m'malo osungiramo katundu (PV module) ndi chifukwa chake. Mwa ma IPP 14 a PV mdziko muno, awiri okha ndi omwe adavomereza kuchepetsedwa kwa mtengo wolowera m'malo osungiramo katundu, pomwe ena onse adati mtengo wolowera m'malo osungiramo katundu ndi wotsika kwambiri kuti avomereze.
Kampani Yogulitsa Magetsi Ambiri ku Nigeria (NBET) imafunanso chitsimikizo cha chiopsezo chochepa, mgwirizano pakati pa kampaniyo monga wopereka ndalama ndi bungwe lazachuma. Kwenikweni, ndi chitsimikizo chopereka ndalama zambiri ku Kampani Yogulitsa Magetsi Ambiri ku Nigeria (NBET) ngati ikufuna ndalama, zomwe boma likuyenera kupereka ku mabungwe azachuma. Popanda chitsimikizochi, ma IPP a PV sangakwanitse kupeza ndalama. Koma mpaka pano boma lapewa kupereka chitsimikizo, chifukwa cha kusakhulupirirana pamsika wamagetsi, ndipo mabungwe ena azachuma tsopano achotsa zopereka zopereka chitsimikizo.
Pomaliza pake, kusakhulupirira kwa obwereketsa pamsika wamagetsi ku Nigeria kumachokeranso ku mavuto akuluakulu ndi gridi yamagetsi, makamaka pankhani yodalirika komanso kusinthasintha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake obwereketsa ambiri ndi opanga mapulogalamu amafunikira chitsimikizo kuti ateteze ndalama zawo, ndipo zambiri mwa zomangamanga za gridi yamagetsi ku Nigeria sizikugwira ntchito moyenera.
Ndondomeko za boma la Nigeria zokonda makina a photovoltaic ndi magwero ena a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndiye maziko a chitukuko cha mphamvu zoyera. Njira imodzi yomwe ingaganizidwe ndiyo kugawa msika wogulitsa magetsi mwa kulola makampani kugula magetsi mwachindunji kuchokera kwa ogulitsa magetsi. Izi zimachotsa kufunika kolamulira mitengo, zomwe zimathandiza iwo omwe sakusamala kulipira ndalama kuti akhale okhazikika komanso osinthasintha kuti achite zimenezo. Izi zimachotsa chitsimikizo chovuta chomwe obwereketsa amafunika kuti athandizire mapulojekiti ndikuwonjezera ndalama.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukweza zomangamanga za gridi ndi kukulitsa mphamvu yotumizira mauthenga ndikofunikira kwambiri, kuti machitidwe ambiri a PV athe kulumikizidwa ku gridi, motero kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha mphamvu. Apanso, mabanki otukuka amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Malo opangira mafuta a zinthu zakale apangidwa bwino ndipo akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha zitsimikizo zoopsa zomwe mabanki otukuka amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapereka. Ngati izi zitha kufalikira kumsika wa PV womwe ukubwera ku Nigeria, zidzawonjezera chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a PV.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-18-2023
